Every individual is different, and each diagnostic process will be unique, as well. Your care team may use a combination of techniques to determine your diagnosis.
Diagnosing a spinal infection involves a combination of clinical evaluation, imaging studies and lab tests.
During your first office visit, your healthcare provider will spend time with you and learn about your symptoms and overall health. They will:
- Conduct a physical exam
- Discuss your medical history and your current health conditions
- Listen to your heart and lungs with a stethoscope
- Check your blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen level
Blood tests use a small sample of blood to help doctors examine levels of red and white blood cells, enzymes and nutrients in your blood. These tests can provide information about ongoing conditions such as anemia and diabetes, and events such as heart attacks.
Blood tests can reveal high white blood cell counts and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rates. These indicate infection and inflammation.
A CT, or computed tomography, scan is a type of image created from multiple X-ray images taken by a scanner that rotates around your body. These X-rays are combined by a computer to show organs and soft tissues. A CT scan can help identify conditions such as bleeding, infections and tumors.
An MRI, or magnetic resonance imaging, scan is a type of noninvasive image created using magnets to create a radiofrequency current that passes through your body and produces images of soft tissues. Using MRI, doctors can see abnormalities such as aneurysms and muscle or ligament injuries. MRI does not expose you to radiation.
A biopsy is a procedure that removes a small piece of an area of concern, such as cells, a lump, tumor or other tissue. The sample is then evaluated in a lab. Biopsies can be performed during open surgery or minimally invasive surgery. Doctors can also use needles to remove tiny biopsy samples. After the sample is removed, it is processed and sent to a pathologist for review. This specialist looks at the sample under a microscope, makes a diagnosis and grades the cancer.
In some cases, your provider may need to take a small sample of the infected tissue to find out what’s causing the infection and determine the right treatment.