Every patient is different, and each diagnostic process will be unique, as well. Your care team may use a combination of techniques to determine your diagnosis.
We start by discussing your symptoms and medical history. Typically, syringomyelia is diagnosed through patient history, physical exam and advanced imaging, such as MRI or CT myelogram. In some cases, we may also use other tests, such as a nerve conduction study (NCS) or electromyography (EMG), to see how well your muscles and nerves are working.
During your first office visit, your healthcare provider will spend time with you and learn about your symptoms and overall health. They will:
- Conduct a physical exam
- Discuss your medical history and your current health conditions
- Listen to your heart and lungs with a stethoscope
- Check your blood pressure, heart rate and oxygen level
An MRI, or magnetic resonance imaging, scan is a type of noninvasive image created using magnets to create a radiofrequency current that passes through your body and produces images of soft tissues. Using MRI, doctors can see abnormalities such as aneurysms and muscle or ligament injuries. MRI does not expose you to radiation.
EMG is a form of test that assesses muscle and nerve function. It is often done at the same time as a nerve conduction study (NCS), as both tests show how well the nerves and muscles are working.
During an EMG, small devices called electrodes record electrical activity in your body. A doctor may use EMG to help diagnose conditions of your muscles and the nerves that control them, such as muscular dystrophy and carpal tunnel syndrome.
An NCS is a noninvasive, outpatient test that helps your doctor learn about the condition of your peripheral nerves — those not including your brain and spinal cord. The study uses electricity to test how well your nerves transmit signals. With an NCS, your doctor can diagnose conditions such as nerve compression and neuropathies.
During a nerve conduction study, a doctor will tape electrodes to your body along a nerve path. Using another electrode, the doctor will deliver a mild shock that sends an electrical current along the nerve. The receiving electrodes will record the electrical activity as it arrives. This allows the doctor to determine how fast it traveled and how strong a signal it produced.
You may feel some tingling or mild discomfort during the study. The test may take a few minutes or more than an hour. This depends on how many nerves need to be tested. You may resume normal activities immediately after your appointment.
A myelogram is a form of X-ray that provides imaging of your spinal cord and nerve roots. Your doctor may use a myelogram to obtain detailed information about conditions such as a herniated disk or spinal stenosis. During a myelogram, a technologist will give you a local anesthetic before injecting contrast material into your spinal canal.