Providing first aid for seizures
Seizures can be an overwhelming experience to witness, even for medical professionals. Understanding seizure first aid is crucial, particularly for those with epilepsy or their loved ones. When you know what to do, you can provide essential care and reassurance during what might otherwise be a frightening situation.
Paul Wilkerson, a fourth-year resident in the UK College of Medicine and incoming epilepsy fellow, shares with us a comprehensive guide to managing seizures effectively.
Why seizure first aid matters
For someone living with epilepsy, seizures are a part of life, and their family or friends are often the first to recognize and respond.
Seizures can appear alarming, but most are brief and resolve on their own. But being prepared with basic first-aid knowledge can help ensure safety and potentially save lives.
What to do when you see a seizure
- Stay calm: Most seizures resolve in under two minutes. Remaining composed reassures others and helps you respond effectively.
- Ensure safety: Move the person away from hazards like traffic, glass, sharp objects or water.
- Support the person: If they appear unsteady, guide them gently to the ground. Position them on their side with something soft under their head to protect against injury.
- Check for medical identification: Look for a medical ID bracelet or card that may provide critical information about the person’s condition.
- Time the seizure: Use a watch or phone to time how long it lasts. A seizure lasting over five minutes is a medical emergency.
What not to do
- Don’t put anything in their mouth: Contrary to myth, a person experiencing a seizure won’t swallow their tongue. Placing objects in their mouth can cause injury or block their airway.
- Don’t restrain them: Let the seizure run its course unless the person is in immediate danger and must be redirected.
Managing dangerous situations
If the person is in a risky environment, move them if it’s safe to do so. If moving them isn’t possible, clear the area around them to reduce the risk of injury. Always prioritize their safety over strictly following standard first-aid protocols.
After the seizure
- Stay with them: Recovery may take 15–30 minutes. Ensure they are safe and comfortable.
- Offer support: Help them sit in a safe place and check if they are oriented by asking simple questions or giving commands like raising their hand.
- Call for help if needed: If they’re injured, confused for an extended period or this is their first seizure, seek medical attention.
When to call emergency services
Dial 911 if:
- The seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes.
- Multiple seizures occur without a return to normal consciousness.
- The person has difficulty breathing or appears injured.
- It’s their first seizure.
- The person is pregnant.
Living or working with someone who has epilepsy
Preparation is key. Establish a clear seizure response plan with the person. Discuss what should be done in emergencies, who to contact and any specific instructions about their condition.
Where to learn more
For those looking to deepen their understanding of seizure first aid, the Epilepsy Foundation offers a free, accessible online course. This training is an excellent resource for families, educators, or anyone who interacts with individuals living with epilepsy.
By equipping yourself with this knowledge, you can make a significant difference during a seizure. Stay calm, act thoughtfully and know that your support can provide safety and reassurance in a challenging moment.
