"I'm going to make it again."

That bleak prognosis was based on the condition of Priscilla Riley’s heart. She’d had a problem with her aortic valve since she was a small child growing up in Eastern Kentucky. She proved her doctor wrong, but the condition cost her: when other kids would run and play, she could only sit and watch.

In 1993, she had the Ross procedure, an open-heart surgery where the aortic valve is replaced with the patient’s pulmonary valve, which connects the heart to the lungs. The pulmonary valve is then replaced with an artificial valve. Recovery was difficult, but the procedure was successful, and, for a while, she felt better. Gradually, though, the problems returned. The artificial pulmonary valve was leaking. Riley began suffering from congestive heart failure—a potentially life-threatening condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood to meet the body’s needs.

Because of her age and previous surgery, Priscilla was not a candidate for traditional surgery. By April 2017, she was so ill it looked like she might not make it. That’s when she came to UK and met Dr. Andrew Leventhal, an interventional cardiologist at the Adult Congenital Heart Clinic, part of the UK Gill Heart & Vascular Institute. Dr. Leventhal is a co-principal investigator on a study of a new transcatheter heart valve, the Sapien 3. He realized Priscilla might be a candidate. The trial, known as COMPASSION 3, tests the efficacy of the Sapien 3 catheter heart valve as a replacement for a diseased pulmonary valve. The Sapien 3 has already been approved for replacement of the aortic valve.