Understanding atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AFib) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, and its prevalence is increasing.
AFib is characterized by chaotic fibrillation in the upper chambers of the heart, leading to irregular and often rapid heartbeats. While some individuals may not experience symptoms, others may notice palpitations, fatigue or shortness of breath.
Understanding AFib is essential for effective management and prevention.
What causes AFib?
There is no single cause of AFib, but certain conditions increase the risk of developing it. Damage to the heart's electrical system from coronary artery disease, hypertension and heart failure can trigger AFib. Additional risk factors include:
- Congenital heart disease
- Diabetes
- Sleep apnea
- Obesity
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
- Hyperthyroidism
- Advanced age
- Family history
How AFib differs from other arrhythmias
While there are various types of heart rhythm disorders, AFib is unique in its erratic fibrillation of the atria. This disruption affects electrical impulses traveling to the lower chambers, causing an irregular heartbeat.
Additionally, the fibrillation prevents normal blood ejection, leading to blood pooling and an increased risk of clot formation and stroke.
Recognizing AFib symptoms
Some individuals with AFib remain asymptomatic, while others experience noticeable effects, including:
- Fatigue
- Shortness of breath
- Exercise intolerance
- Palpitations or rapid heartbeats
- Chest pain
Diagnosing AFib
AFib is diagnosed using an electrocardiogram (EKG) or other heart monitoring devices. A healthcare provider may also detect it through a stethoscope if an irregular, fast heartbeat is heard, prompting further evaluation.
Treatment options for AFib
AFib management involves a multidisciplinary approach, focusing on risk factor control, medication and procedural interventions.
Risk factor management:
- Treating sleep apnea
- Managing weight and blood pressure
- Evaluating thyroid function
- Controlling diabetes
Medical management:
- Stroke prevention: Assessing stroke risk and prescribing appropriate medications.
- Rate control medications: Preventing excessively fast heart rates that could lead to heart failure.
- Rhythm control medications: Helping maintain a normal heart rhythm.
Procedural interventions:
- Pulmonary vein ablation or pulse field ablation: These techniques isolate the areas where AFib originates, allowing normal conduction to resume.
How AFib impacts daily life
AFib can significantly affect quality of life, depending on symptoms. It also increases the risk of stroke, making proper management crucial for maintaining overall health and well-being.
AFib care at UK HealthCare
At UK HealthCare, we provide a team-based approach incorporating education, innovation and precision medicine. Our specialists continuously refine treatment strategies by learning from each patient's unique circumstances.
Additionally, our collaboration with a cardiothoracic surgeon who has advanced arrhythmia training allows us to manage highly complex AFib cases. This expertise attracts referrals from leading electrophysiology providers who have exhausted other treatment options, ensuring access to cutting-edge care.
AFib is a prevalent heart rhythm disorder that requires comprehensive management. Understanding its causes, symptoms and treatment options empowers individuals to take proactive steps in their heart health journey.
With a focus on innovation and collaboration, UK HealthCare remains committed to providing exceptional care for AFib patients.
