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Restless Leg Syndrome Fact SheetRLS treatment at UK HealthCare What is RLS? Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) is a neurological disorder characterized by unpleasant sensations in the legs and an uncontrollable urge to move when at rest in an effort to relieve these feelings. RLS sensations are often described as burning, creeping, tugging, or like insects crawling inside the legs. These sensations range in severity from uncomfortable to irritating to painful. The most unusual aspect of RLS is that lying down or relaxing triggers the symptoms. As a result, most people with RLS have difficulty falling and staying asleep. Left untreated, the condition causes exhaustion and daytime fatigue. Many people with RLS report their job, personal relations and daily activities are impaired as a result of their exhaustion. Symptoms The symptoms of RLS vary in severity and duration from person to person. Symptoms may begin at any stage of life, although the disorder is more common with increasing age. In general, symptoms become more severe over time. People with RLS feel uncomfortable sensations in their legs, especially when sitting or lying down, accompanied by an irresistible urge to move about. These sensations usually occur deep inside the leg between the knee and ankle. More rarely, symptoms can occur in the feet, thighs, arms and hands. RLS symptoms start or become worse when an individual is at rest and are reduced by voluntary movement of the affected extremities. Relief can be complete or partial, and generally starts immediately or soon after the onset of activity and continues as long as the motor activity continues. Walking is the most commonly selected activity. RLS symptoms tend to be worse in the evening and at night. What Causes RLS? Research into the cause of RLS is ongoing. A family history of the condition is seen in approximately 50 percent of cases which suggests a genetic form of the disorder. People with a family history of RLS tend to experience symptoms at a younger age and have a slower progression of the condition. However, not all RLS cases are familial. People suffering from anemia or low iron levels may be prone to developing RLS. Additionally, chronic diseases such as kidney failure, diabetes, Parkinson's disease and peripheral neuropathy are associated with RLS. RLS symptoms may be reduced by treating the underlying condition. Pregnant women in their last trimester experience RLS but symptoms typically disappear within 4 weeks after delivery. Certain medications, such as antinausea or antiseizure medications, may aggravate the condition. Diagnosing RLS There is no single diagnostic test for RLS. A thorough physical examination will reveal underlying conditions that may be associated with RLS. While no tests can confirm a diagnosis of it, there are four basic criteria for diagnosing RLS:
Some individuals may require an overnight sleep test to determine other causes of their sleep disturbance. Treating RLS Movement brings temporary relief of RLS symptoms. Lifestyle changes and prevention is key to those suffering from mild to moderate symptoms. Physicians may suggest supplements to correct underlying deficiencies such as anemia. Decreased use of caffeine, tobacco and alcohol has been found to relieve symptoms. Physicians may also prescribe a variety of medications to treat RLS. To Find Out More UK HealthCare Movement Disorders Clinic Restless Leg Syndrome Foundation
WE MOVE (Worldwide Education &
Awareness for Movement Disorders)
National Sleep Foundation
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