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R GlossaryA | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | MN | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z radiation colitis - Damage to the colon from radiation therapy. radiation enteritis - Damage to the small intestine from radiation therapy. radiation therapy - The use of x-rays to kill cancer cells. radical prostatectomy - Surgery to remove the prostate along with the two seminal vesicle glands attached to the prostate. radical retropubic prostatectomy - An operation to remove the entire prostate gland and seminal vesicles through the lower abdomen. radiography - The treatment of disease (especially cancer) by exposure to radiation. radioimmunoassay (RIA) - A special type of in vitro procedure that combines the use of radiochemicals and antibodies to measure the levels of hormones, vitamins and drugs in a patient’s blood. radioisotope - A radioactive material injected into the body so that a nuclear scanner can make pictures. radionuclide scans - Tests to find GI bleeding. Radioactive material is injected to highlight organs on a special camera. Also called scintigraphy. radionuclide ventriculography - A diagnostic procedure used to determine the shape and size of the heart's chambers. radiopharmaceutical (also tracer or radionuclide) - Basic radioactively tagged compound necessary to produce a nuclear medicine image. radiosurgery - A radiation therapy technique that uses a large number of narrow, precisely aimed, highly focused beams of ionising radiation. The beams are aimed from many directions circling the head and meet at a specific point. range of motion - The extent that a joint will move from full extension to full flexion. rape - Forced or manipulated nonconsensual sexual contact, including vaginal or anal intercourse, oral sex, or penetration with an object. rapid gastric emptying - See dumping syndrome. RAST (RadioAllergoSorbent Test, a trademark of Pharmacia Diagnostics) - A laboratory test used to detect IgE antibodies to specific allergens. A RAST requires a blood sample, which is sent to a medical laboratory where tests are done with specific foods to determine whether the patient has IgE antibodies to that food. reconstructive surgery -Serving to rebuild, restore, or correct the appearance and function of defective, damaged, or misshaped body structures or parts. rectal manometry - A test that uses a thin tube and balloon to measure pressure and movements of the rectal and anal sphincter muscles. Usually used to diagnose chronic constipation and fecal incontinence. rectal prolapse - A condition in which the rectum slips so that it protrudes from the anus. rectocele - Condition in which weakening of the lower vaginal wall causes the rectum to bulge into the vagina. rectum - The lower end of the large intestine, leading to the anus. reflux - A condition that occurs when gastric juices or small amounts of food from the stomach flow back into the esophagus and mouth. Also called regurgitation. reflux esophagitis - Irritation of the esophagus because stomach contents flow back into the esophagus. regional enteritis -See Crohn's disease. regurgitation - See reflux. rehabilitation - The return of function after illness or injury, often with the assistance of specialised medical professionals. renal - Pertains to kidneys. respiratory system - The group of organs responsible for carrying oxygen from the air to the bloodstream and for expelling carbon dioxide. resting tremor - A tremor of a limb that increases when the limb is at rest. retching - Dry vomiting. retina - A delicate, multilayered, light-sensitive membrane lining the inner eyeball and connected by the optic nerve to the brain. retropulsion - The tendency to step backwards if bumped from the front or upon initiating walking, usually seen in patients who tend to lean backwards because of problems with balance. rheumatic fever - A childhood disease that may damage the heart valves or the outer lining of the heart. rheumatoid factor - Special kind of antibody often found in people with rheumatoid arthritis. rhinitis - An inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the nose, often due to allergy to pollen, dust or other airborne substances, which causes sneezing, itching, a runny nose and nasal congestion. RICE treatment - Rest, ice, compression, and elevation. rigidity - Increased resistance to the passive movement of a limb. risk factor - A condition, element, or activity that may adversely affect the heart. rotavirus - The most common cause of infectious diarrhea in the United States, especially in children under age 2. rupture - A break or tear in any organ or soft tissue. |
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